이야기 - 라그 바오메르와 바르 코크바 반란

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라그 바오메르와 바르 코크바 반란

2010.01.28 13:48:29

성지여행사 *.254.229.144 http://www.sungjeetour.com/370

Korean Institute of the Bible and Holy Land Studies
예루살렘 성지연구소는 연구.교육.복음을 위한 장신대의 현지설립법인입니다
Jerusaelem Correspondence 14 (29/5/05)

5월 26일 밤 이스라엘에는 봉화불 축제가 벌어졌다.
이스라엘 전역에서 동네 곳곳마다 벌어진 봉화불 축제를 "라그 바오메르"라 부른다.
"라그 바오메르"란 유월절부터 제 33일 째 되는 날을 가리킨다.
이 말을 좀 더 풀어 보면 "라그"는 히브리어의 '라메드'( )와 '김멜'( )을 붙여서 읽은 것으로서
히브리어 숫자로 33을 나타낸다.
'오메르'는 문자적으로 (곡식의) 단, 혹은 곡물등의 계량단위를 나타내는데,
유대교에서는 유월절 절기의 둘째날에 성전에 가져오는 첫 보리 수확의 예물(제물)을 의미하며
그 오메르의 양은 10분의 1이 에바 (약 2.2리터)였다.
이 오메르를 바치지 않고는 첫 수확을 먹는 것이 금지되었으며,
유월절부터 칠칠절(기독교의 오순절) 사이의 기간(즉 7주간)을 "오메르의 기간"이라고 한다.
따라서 "라그 바오메르"란 '오메르의 기간 중 제 33일째" 즉 유월절로부터 제 33일째 되는 날이라는 뜻이다.

그런데, 이 날에 봉화불을 피우게 된 연유에 대해서는 몇 가지 전승이 있으나
가장 설득력이 있는 것은 주후 132-135년에 있었던 제2차 유대반란과 관련된 것이다.
예루살렘 성전파괴와 마사다 항전으로 유명한 제1차 유대반란(주후 66-73년)은
처음부터 계획되고 조직적으로 이루어진 것이 아니었던 반면에,
제2차 유대반란은 당시 영향력 있는 랍비였던 랍비 아키바의 정신적인 지도와 함께
치밀하게 준비되고 조직화된 반란이었다.

제2차 유대반란은 애굽과 사이프러스 등지의 디아스포라 유대인들에 의한 주후 115-117년의 반란 때문에
페르샤 원정군을 철수시킬 수 밖에 없었던 트라얀 황제에 이어 등극한 하드리안 황제 때에 발발하게 된다.
처음에 하드리안 황제는 그가 일으킨 대규모 건축공사 계획 가운데
주후 70년에 파괴된 예루살렘 성전의 재건을 포함시킴으로써 유대인들에게 성전회복의 희망을 주었다.
그러나 하드리안 황제가 이 계획을 철회함과 아울러 유대인의 할례의식을 금하는 명령을 내리자,
랍비 아키바의 정신적인 지도하에 반로마의식이 구체화되었고, 조직적으로 반란계획이 이루어지게 된다.
로마군에게 무기공급을 담당하는 유대인 하청업자들로 하여금
의도적으로 결함이 있는 무기를 공급하게 하고,
그래서 퇴짜 맞은 무기들을 수리하여 비축하는 식으로 반란을 준비하였다.

반란군 지도자로 뽑힌 자는 바르 코크바( - )였다.
바르 코크바는 아람어로 '별의 아들'이란 뜻이다.
랍비 아키바는 메시야 관련 본문으로 받아들여지고 있는 민수기 24:17의
"한 별이 야곱에게서 별이 나온다"는 구절을 바르 코크바에게 적용시켜 그를 메시야로 추대하였다.
바르 코크바는 매우 카리스마있는 지도자로 알려 지고 있으며
'나시'( , 지도자, 요즘에는 대통령을 지칭)라는 타이틀로 율령을 반포하고 동전을 주조하기도 하였다.
바르 코크바의 유대반란군은 과거 주전 167년 안티오커스 에피파네스 4세에 항거하여 일어 났던
마카비 혁명의 진원지였던 '모디인'을 다시금 반란의 출발지로 삼았다.
패전을 거듭하던 그들이 오메르 33일째 되던 날에 드디어 로마군에 승리를 거두었고
이 승전 소식을 봉화불로 유대인 마을 마을로 알리게 된 것이 '라그 바오메르' 축제이다.

한때 바르 코크바 반란군은 예루살렘은 물론 유대와 사마리아까지 장악하며 위세를 떨쳤으나
율리어스 세베루스 장군 휘하의 로마 8개 군단과 보급부대와 3년간의 소모전을 벌인 끝에,
주후 135년 바르 코크바가 죽음과 최후를 맞게 된다.
로마군은 이 전쟁에서 50개의 성채와 985개의 마을을 파괴하고 58만명의 유대인을 죽였다고 한다.
이 반란이 실패하면서 유대인들은 예루살렘에서 완전히 축출당하게 되며,
유대인들의 종교의식이 금지되게 된다 (안식일 준수금지, 토라연구 금지, 할례금지).
뿐만 아니라 하드리안 황제는 제2차 유대반란을 계기로
이스라엘 땅에서 유대인들의 기억을 완전히 지워 버리기 위하여
예루살렘의 명칭을 '아옐리아 카피톨리나'라는 로마식 이름으로 개명하였으며,
그리고 이 땅의 이름을 유대인들에게 가장 저주스런 이름중의 하나인 블레셋
곧 팔레스타인이라는 이름으로 바꾸어 버렸다.

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